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C H A P T E R   6   lands.  All  child  records  of  children,  born  in  2002,  who  developed  overweight  at  the   age  of  5  years,  were  collected.  Those  children  were  examined  by  a  youth  health  care   physician   at   the   age   of   5   years,   in   2007.   During   this   examination,   the   presence   of   overweight   or   obesity   was   determined,   according   to   Dutch   cut-­‐off   points   for   the   Body  Mass  Index  (BMI)  in  children  defined  by  Hirasing  et  al6.     We  collected  all  growth  data  of  these  children,  from  birth  until  the  age  of  5  years.   Data  of  length,  weight,  gender  and  gestational  age  at  birth  were  collected.  The  total   amount   of   children   included   is   120   for   the   group   of   children   with   overweight   or   obesity   at   the   age   of   5   years   (overweight   group).   As   a   control   group,   we   also   col-­‐ lected  data  of  120  children,  born  in  2002,  in  the  same  region,  who  did  not  develop   overweight   or   obesity   at   the   age   of   5   years.   Those   children   were   selected   at   ran-­‐ dom.     Because   the   exact   values   of   birth   weight   and   birth   length   are   needed   to   use   the   prediction  model  for  the  Ponderal  Index  (PI),  children  whose  birth  length  was  not   known   were   excluded.     Regarding   this,   the   total   amount   of   children   in   the   over-­‐ weight  group  is  109  and  in  the  control  group  111.  Because  not  every  child  is  meas-­‐ ured  at  the  exact  moment  of  1  year,  the  range  of  time  that  is  used  is:  0.9-­‐1.2  year  for   the  measurements  of  1  year.     We  already  constructed  a  prediction  model  for  abnormal  growth  based  on  longitu-­‐ dinal  data  of  a  reference  population,  consisted  of  372  infants,  measured  from  1995-­‐ 1999  in  a  longitudinal  growth  study,  in  the  South  of  the  Netherlands7.  In  this  model   the  prediction  is  based  on  the  calculation  of  the  PI.     The  PI  is  defined  as:     PI = 100  ×   weightgr 92     !     heightcm   The  PI  yields  valid  results  even  for  very  short  and  very  tall  person9.  Because  of  this   property,  it  is  most  commonly  used  in  pediatric10.     In   our   prediction   model,   the   individual   growth   of   a   child   was   analyzed.   For   every   child  PI  values  were  plotted  against  age,  until  the  age  of  1  year.  By  using  regression   analysis  the  individual  α (αPI  ind)  was  calculated,  representing  the  individual  change   of  growth  of  a  child.  Next,  all  αPI  ind  values  were  plotted  against  all  individual  values   of   PI   at   birth.   The   regression   line   was   calculated   again.   Based   on   the   new   corre-­‐ sponding   α values,   representing   the   total   child   population   (αPI   tot),   the   expected   value  of  the  PI  (PIe)  at  a  certain  age  (t)  can  be  estimated,  depending  on  the  child’s   starting  position,  according  to  the  formula:     PIe  =  (ax  +  b)  *  t  +  x  


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