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S U M M A R Y   /   S A M E N V A T T I N G     sion  to  the  mean.  A  prediction  model  was  developed  to  estimate  the  growth  pattern   of  infants.  Based  on  the  individual  growth  patterns,  we  could  estimate  a  PI  or  BMI   after   a   certain   period   of   growth   by   using   formulas   representing   the   “normal”   growth  of  a  child.    If  the  actual  growth  pattern  of  an  individual  child  does  not  fit  into   the  expected  growth  pattern,  intervention  is  needed  to  prevent  obesity  later  on  and   thereby   reduce   the   risk   of   the   metabolic   syndrome.   Multiple   local   and   national   health   programs   are   focused   on   reducing   the   incidence   of   obesity.   Lots   of   these   programs  are  focused  on  dietary  and  exercise  advices.  Apparently  these  programs   are  not  effective  enough.  Moreover,  most  children  are  presented  to  the  youth  health   care  practitioner  at  the  moment  their  weight  is  already  outside  the  normal  range.   Once   overweight   or   obesity   is   present   in   children,   it   is   very   difficult   to   solve   the   obesity  problem.  Therefore,  we  created  this  prediction  model  to  detect  the  tenden-­‐ cy  of  becoming  overweight  in  childhood  at  a  moment  a  child  has  still  a  healthy  age.   This  model  can  be  used,  in  the  regular  preventive  health  care  program,  coordinated   by   the   Youth   Health   Care,   in   early   childhood,   to   detect   whether   the   growth   of   a   child  still  fits  within  the  expected  range  of  growth  and  thereby  to  detect  if  a  child  is   at  risk  to  develop  obesity.       In   the   sixth   chapter,   we   applied   the   prediction   model   to   an   overweight   and   non-­‐ overweight  group  to  test  our  hypothesis.  Therefore,  data  were  retrospectively  col-­‐ lected  from  child  records  of  120  children,  born  in  2002,  who  developed  overweight   at  the  age  of  5  years.  As  a  control  group,  data  of  120  children  born  in  2002  in  the   same  region  were  collected,  who  did  not  develop  overweight  or  obesity  at  the  age   of   5   years.   Based   on   longitudinal   data,   the   expected   value   of   the   Ponderal   Index   (PIe)  at  a  certain  age  until  the  age  of  1  year,  depending  on  the  child’s  starting  posi-­‐ tion  at  birth  was  calculated.  According  to  our  hypothesis,  a  child  is  at  risk  for  over-­‐ weight  at  the  age  of  5  years,  if  the  measured  PI  value  (PIm)  >  PIe  +  2SD.       We   compared   the   prediction   model   with   2   other   methods   to   estimate   (ab)normal   growth   of   children;   The   weight   for   length   growth   chart   and   the   PI   calculation.   It   appears  that  our  prediction  model  is  the  best  predictor  for  overweight  at  the  age  of   5  years.     By   using   this   prediction   model,   we   are   able   to   estimate   the   growth   pattern   of   an   infant.   If   the   actual   growth   pattern   of   the   infant   does   not   fit   into   the   expected   growth,  intervention  may  be  needed  to  prevent  abnormal  growth.  By  implementing   the  prediction  model  in  the  electronic  child  record,  health  care  practitioners  could   use  this  model  in  preventing  overweight  in  children  at  an  early  age  in  an  easy  way.   Especially  in  children  overweight  has  to  be  prevented,  because  overweight  and  its   co-­‐morbidities  will  be  one  of  the  biggest  health-­‐  and  social  care  problems  and  costs   in  the  future.         121  


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