General introduction Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using endogenous contrasts Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy concerns a technique that does not require pre‐procedural administration of a contrast agent. Instead, it relies on the endogenous spectral properties of tissue; i.e. intrinsically present natural reflectance signature of tissue. The visible range for man is less than 1% of the entire light spectrum. Human color vision is trichromatic: the eye has three cone types for blue, green and red light (Figure 1.1). In contrast, multispectral and hyperspectral cameras can cover a wide‐band spectral range; they are polychromatic, providing an abundance of color bands using not only wavelengths within the detection range of the human eye (range 380‐700 nm) but also within the invisible ultraviolet (range 10‐380 mm), near‐infrared (range 700‐1000 nm) and infrared (>1000 nm) spectrum to depict tissue structures. 11 Figure 1.1 Detection of light by the human eye in relation to the entire light spectrum. The boundaries of the optical area and those of the invisible ultraviolet and infrared are marked. The human eye contains only three cones for red, green and blue. Yet, with these three receptor types, the experienced observer can discern millions of color shades within the narrow visible region. Nevertheless the visible range of men is less than 1% of the entire light spectrum. Figure re‐used from: Wieringa FP. From Satellite to Surgery: A vision on surgical multispectral imaging. Intraoperative multispectral imaging workshop, Paris 2011 Dec 17
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