C H A P T E R 6 Table 2: Sensitivity (true positive) and specificity (true negative) of weight for length growth chart 96 (applied at 1 year, for prediction of overweight at the age of 5 years). Overweight Not overweight TOTAL Weight for length > +2SD 19 (16%) True positive 6 (5%) False positive 25 Weight for length < +2SD 99 (84%) False negative 112 (95%) True negative 211 TOTAL 118 118 236 Se: 16%; Sp: 95%; LR+: 3.2; LR-‐: 0.88; DOR: 3.6 SD = Standard deviation. Se= Sensitivity, Sp= Specificity, LR += Positive likelihood ratio, LR -‐= Negative likelihood ratio, DOR= Diagnostic odds ratio. Table 3: Sensitivity (true positive) and specificity (true negative) of PI calculation (applied at 1 year, for prediction of overweight at the age of 5 years). Overweight Not overweight TOTAL PI > +2SD 33 (28%) True positive 13 (11%) False positive 46 PI < +2SD 86 (72%) False negative 106 (89%) True negative 192 TOTAL 119 119 238 Se: 28%; Sp: 89%; LR+: 2.55; LR-‐: 0.81; DOR: 3.1 PI = Ponderal Index, SD = Standard deviation. Se= Sensitivity, Sp= Specificity, LR += Positive likelihood ratio, LR -‐= Negative likelihood ratio, DOR= Diagnostic odds ratio. By comparing the two study groups (overweight versus not overweight at the age of 5 years), we also evaluated birth weight and weight, PI and the difference of PIm and PIe at the age of approximately 1 year. The mean birth weight in the overweight group is 68 grams (gr) higher than in the control group. Also the mean weight at the age of 1 year is 1036.42 gr higher, the PI at the age of 1 year is 0.17 higher and the mean difference of PIm and PIe at the age of 1 year in the overweight group is 0.16 higher. By using two sided t-‐tests, it is possible to calculate the corresponding significances (according to a 95% confidence interval (CI)). Birth weight is not statistically signif-‐ icant predictor for overweight at the age of 5 years (p = 0.35). Nevertheless, weight, PI and difference of PIm and PIe at the age of approximately 1 year are highly signifi-‐ cant predictors (Table 4).
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