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Proefschrift binnenwerk Manon Ernst_DEF.indd

A   P R E D I C T I O N   M O D E L   T O   P R E V E N T   A B N O R M A L  W E I G H T   I N   C H I L D H O O D     Discussion   The  longitudinal  growth  study  from  1995-­‐1999  (n=  1234)  in  the  South  of  the  Neth-­‐ erlands17made   it   possible   not   only   to   construct   velocity   curves   for   the   total   child   population,  but  also  to  analyze  the  individual  growth  patterns  during  a  certain  pe-­‐ riod  of  life.  Depending  on  its  starting  position,  a  child  tends  to  decelerate  or  accel-­‐ erate  its  growth  velocity.  This  is  known  as  the  regression  to  the  mean.  Based  on  the   individual  growth  patterns,  we  could  estimate  a  PI  or  BMI  after  a  certain  period  of   growth.  If  the  measured  value  is  >  2  SD  above  the  expected  value,  the  child  runs  the   risk   of   developing   obesity.   These   are   the   children   with   an   unexpected   change   of   body   composition   and   possibly   at   risk   for   an   abnormal   metabolic   development.   If   the   measured   value   is   <   2   SD   below   the   expected   value,   the   child   runs   the   risk   of   developing   underweight   or   may   be   suffering   from   gastrointestinal   problems   like   celiac  disease.     By   means   of   the   mentioned   method,   for   each   of   the   372   children   the   prediction   model  was  applied  at  birth  to  estimate  the  PI  at  any  age  between  birth  and  the  age   of   one   year   and   applied   at   the   age   of   one   year   to   estimate   the   BMI   at   any   age   be-­‐ tween  one  and  four  years.       To  estimate  the  accuracy  of  the  prediction  model  the  differences  between  the  actual   PI  or  BMI  at  the  age  of  1  year  and  4  years  respectively  and  the  expected  values  at   both   ages   were   taken.   The   results   for   PI   and   BMI   show   that   the   majority   (95.2  %   and   96.8   %   respectively)   of   the   values   fit   within   2   SD,   as   shown   in   Figure   3   and   Figure  4.  This  supports  the  internal  validity,  which  means  that  the  prediction  model   works  correctly  for  our  study  population  and  research  artifacts  can  be  excluded.     The   value   of   this   prediction   model   is,   that   it   gives   the   possibility   to   estimate   if   a   child  tends  to  deviate  from  its  personal  expected  PI  or  BMI  value  already  at  a  mo-­‐ ment  at  which  the  PI  or  BMI  is  still  normal.  In  other  words,  although  a  child  still  has   a  normal  weight  in  relation  to  its  height,  its  growth  pattern  indicates  the  develop-­‐ ment   of   under-­‐   or   overweight   and   needs   to   be   investigated   to   prevent   abnormal   growth.  At  the  moment,  by  calculation  of  BMI,  health  care  physicians  can  determine   if   a   child   suffers   from   overweight   or   underweight.   For   example   in   case   of   over-­‐ weight,  parents  can  be  counseled,  mostly  directed  to  life  style  behaviors.  By  using   our   prediction   model,   parents   can   be   warned   before   the   problem   has   been   estab-­‐ lished.     If  this  prediction  model  can  be  integrated  in  the  electronic  child  record,  this  can  be   an   important   step   forward   in   the   prevention   of   abnormal   growth,   like   obesity.   By   adding  the  age  and  starting  values  of  length  and  weight  (values  at  birth  for  PI  pre-­‐ diction  and  values  at  the  age  of  1  year  for  BMI  prediction)  of  a  child  into  the  formu-­‐   83  


Proefschrift binnenwerk Manon Ernst_DEF.indd
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