Near‐infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the cystic duct and artery in pigs 71 Figure 5.2 Cystic duct delineation. Figures A and B are snap‐shots taken during ICG fluorescence laparoscopy experiments in pig 1: A shows the anatomical view of the gallbladder and liver hilum; the associated fluorescence cholangiogram of the gallbladder and cystic duct is shown in B (cystic duct is indicated by the arrow, TBR = 3.2). Result of CW800‐CA fluorescence laparoscopy in pig 5 is displayed in figures C and D: respectively the anatomical view and the associated fluorescence delineation of the cystic duct are presented (cystic duct is indicated by the arrow, TBR = 2.3). Discussion In the present study the feasibility of fluorescence imaging of the cystic duct and artery using CW800‐CA and a commercially available laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system was investigated. To assess the performance of this preclinical contrast agent, ICG was used for comparison. CW800‐CA provided comparable visualization of the course of the cystic duct and better identification of the cystic artery. With respect to the investigated fluorophores in this study it is important to address the following characteristics. ICG is a di‐sulphonated heptamethine indocyanine that is FDA‐approved for clinical use. After intravenous injection, it is rapidly cleared from the blood by the liver and transported into the bile. Consequently intravenously injected ICG is applicable for cholangiography. CW800‐CA is a carboxylate of IRDye® 800CW, a tetra‐sulphonated heptamethine indocyanine. Emission of this dye is quite similar to
proefschrift_Schols_SLV
To see the actual publication please follow the link above