Drs. Marc van Hoof research physician The complexity of the inner ear has intrigued scientists for centuries. It may be a small organ of just a few centimetres across hidden in the petrous bone behind the ear, but despite its diminutive size, it contains thousands of microscopic sensors that enable us to hear our environment and keep our balance. We have known for some time that the inner ear consists of the cochlea — with its characteristic shape — and the vestibular system, amongst other elements. But while previously, we used ‘flat’, two-dimensional representations and simplified models, we can now create an accurate picture of the control system for the countless sensors in this tiny organ. To do so, we have developed new techniques that enable us to visualise the complex three-dimensional structure and details like never before. Our inner ear is the result of millions of years of evolution, so it goes without saying that it cannot simply be replaced. Despite all our technological progress, we are still unable to imitate the intricate functions of the inner ear exactly. To approximate this natural wonder as closely as possible, we need basic knowledge — and that is where science comes in. Those three-dimensional images of the inner ear might look fascinating, but that is not all: they are also crucial to the further development of an artificial vestibular system and cochlear implants, for example. For patients suffering from vestibular disorders or hearing loss, these medical devices are an innovation that could vastly improve the quality of their lives. That is why we are always working to refine these technologies. To give an example: we are adjusting implants to suit the cochlea of each individual patient as well as possible. On top of that, we are looking at how individual nerve systems are coiled and how they fan out. The images we are now able to get of these systems could never before be produced on this large a scale. By experimenting with these results, we can figure out the best location to place or adjust an implant and, in future, we hope to restore our patients’ balance or hearing as far as possible. A properly functioning hearing and balance system is a complex interplay between multiple senses and the brain, so we are working together with other specialists and institutes in several areas. With every new piece of basic knowledge we obtain this way, we get one step closer to the realisation of medical innovations. On the job
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